Thoughts, stories and ideas.
Unlike Turbine, multicast aggressively optimizes block propagation on Solana around geography and specialized hardware. Rather than taking multiple hops around the globe (as they might under Turbine), blocks travel on the shortest path from leaders to recipients.
Today, DoubleZero client software v0.2.2 was released to testnet introducing the user interface for interacting with multicast on the DoubleZero network. This release sets the stage for development teams to begin proof-of-concept and pilot testing...
A blockchain with multiple concurrent leaders forces validators to compete explicitly on geography, so that they can capture different information shocks (and earn healthy profits) rather than duplicating one another's efforts. This leads to geography being organically incentivized.
Rather than hewing to traditional PoW or PoS models, DoubleZero implements "Proof of Utility." Rewards are paid out in proportion to useful work done, above and beyond the work done by other participants, which ensures the protocol remains dynamic over contribution type and contribution time.
DoubleZero defends against two concerns — an over-concentration of power and inorganic traffic — by removing a certain percentage of the rewards from circulation.
As Phase 1 of the 2Z sale to validators is complete, we summarize data for interested readers in the spirit of transparency.
What is the 2Z token? How does it flow through the protocol, and what principles does it achieve?
DoubleZero Foundation partners with CoinList to launch a global, multi-ecosystem validator token sale
To disincentivize network contributors from injecting inorganic packets, DoubleZero burns rewards at a rate that can be computed by the rewards methodology.
Rather than charging per packet, DoubleZero sets fees for Solana validators at 5% of their consensus-related revenue streams. This pays for the infrastructure needed to support larger blocks, faster slot times, better transaction delivery, wider geographic reach, and more.
DoubleZero uses inflation to pay for common security, calibrating the short-run rate to adjust in response to the supply of staked tokens and adjusting the long-run rate based on tokens burned for security.
Staking on DoubleZero must balance heterogeneity in link quality and homogeneity in overhead. For the former, network contributors provide some collateral after which traffic is routed freely over the network. The latter looks like a more traditional staking system, with work proportional to stake.
DoubleZero uses a Shapley value-based rewards model to pay providers, assessing each network contributor's marginal contribution to network speed and throughput versus using the public internet fallback. This replaces simpler traffic-carried models, which do not scale or set the right incentives.